HI, ladies!
Thank you for letting me know about the useful expression, Plum! It is very effective for me to learn and use such a phrase.
…I felt as if I were a Cinderella.
…I can feel as if I have already passed the exam.
Plum has already taught us how to use this Blog effectively, but it may be hard to finish it, and I’ve written some usual comments carelessly. Anyway, everyday’s input and output. I have only to walk step by step in order to improve my English writing skills.
So, it’s time to go to bed. See you tomorrow, bye!
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Dear Cherry and friends,
Hi, ladies.
How are you?
How did Victorian woman philanthropists contribute to charity organizations?
Prochaska first examined subscription lists compiled by charity societies to look at their pecuniary contributions.
Although a critic saw that women usually donated pin-money, the proportion of their contribution could not be ignored. Prochaska called it the power of the purse. They donated money through female auxiliaries formed particularly for this purpose. The auxiliary system worked like a pyramid scheme through which societies increased subscribers. In this system, women not only donated money but also collected it. Some of them became so skillful as collectors that some criticized them as “unfeminine.”
The subscription list of the CMS shows that the percentage of female subscribers rose from 12 to 49 % during the 19th century. The increase suggests that missionary as a charitable activity attracted women's attention year by year during this period. Since each society had a different charity objective, women donated according to their preferences.
The number of woman subscribers does not reflect the chance women spoke at the meeting of societies. In the beginning, women are not even allowed to attend meetings. For example, they could not attend the annual general meeting of the CMS until 1813.
Prochaska checked wills to find how much money was donated to societies in the form of bequests as well. Wills left in the 1840s and the 1860s were studied. 50 men and 50 women were sampled from each decade. Women's contribution slightly exceeded men's. However, the percentage left to charity by women was significantly larger than that by men. In the 1840s, while only 4.5% of combined estates was left to charity by men, women left 11.6%. In the 1860s, while men left 3.4%, women left 13%. Incidentally, spinsters left more than widows.
In the end of this chapter, Prochaska argues that “the contribution of working-class women is likely to be underplayed” in any study. Whether working-class women were willing to donate is questionable because some employers collected money like excise officers. It implies that they were threatened to contribute.
Talk to you later.
Have a nice day.
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